Menopause

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Menopause
What is menopause?
Menopause refers to a natural stop in a woman’s menstrual period and fertility. Menopause happens because the woman's ovary stops producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
All women go through menopause, usually between the ages of 40 and 55. A woman has reached menopause when she has gone 12 months without having a period.

What are the signs and symptoms of menopause?
Although menopause itself is the time of a woman's last period, symptoms can begin several years before that (in a stage called peri-menopause).
Menopause and peri-menopause affect every woman differently. There are some common symptoms, including:

Changes in periods (they may be shorter or longer, heavier or lighter, or have more or less time in between)
Hot flashes
Night sweats
Trouble sleeping through the night
Vaginal dryness
Mood changes
Hair loss or thinning on the head, more hair growth on the face
Another health problem that can start during menopause is estrogen loss. This can lead to osteoporosis, a condition where bones become weak and break easily.

Also, women are at greater risk for heart disease after they go through menopause.

What are the treatments for menopause?
In the past, some women would take hormones to replace the estrogen and progesterone their bodies were losing during menopause. Taking these hormones, known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), might help with menopause symptoms and with bone loss.
But new research shows that, for some women, taking hormones has risks, including greater risk of heart disease, stroke, blood clots, and breast cancer. Therefore, for post-menopausal women, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration advises that HRT be used for the shortest time and at the lowest doses possible.

Menopause

Menstruation is a normal, natural shedding process of the uterine lining that occurs monthly in all healthy adult women after puberty.

The parts of the body involved in the menstrual cycle include the brain, uterus, cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and vagina.

The ovaries are glands that produce certain hormones and contain tissue sacs in which eggs develop.

In response to hormones from the brain an egg in one of the ovaries matures and travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus.

If the egg is not fertilized by a sperm, the thickened lining of the uterus consisting of blood-filled uterine tissue is shed. This cycle happens every month.

Menopause is the natural cessation of this cycle when the ovaries stop making hormones called estrogen. This typically occurs in women between the ages of 45 and 60.

Frequently menopause is characterized by hot flashes, sudden intense waves of heat and sweating.

In the long term, some women experience problems linked to the low levels of estrogen found after menopause. These may include osteoporosis, increased risk for heart disease, mood changes and depression.

Hormone Replacement Therapy - HRT is a treatment for these symptoms of menopause. As the name suggests, it 'puts back' some of the hormones that the ovaries have stopped producing.

HRT can be administered in the form of pills, patches, gels, or implants and is individualized for each woman in consultation with her physician.

Menopause & hormones
What is menopause?
Menopause is a normal change in a woman's life when her period stops. That's why some people call menopause "the change of life" or "the change." During menopause a woman's body slowly produces less of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. This often happens between the ages of 45 and 55 years old. A woman has reached menopause when she has not had a period for 12 months in a row.

How do hormones help with menopause?

Reduce hot flashes

Treat vaginal dryness

Slow bone loss

Who should not take hormone therapy for menopause?

Women who...

Think they are pregnant

Have problems with vaginal bleeding

Have had certain kinds of cancers

Have had a stroke or heart attack in the past year

Have had blood clots

Have liver disease

What is hormone therapy for menopause?
Hormone therapy for menopause has also been called hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Lower hormone levels in menopause may lead to hot flashes, vaginal dryness and thin bones. To help with these problems, women are often given estrogen or estrogen with progestin (another hormone). Like all medicines, hormone therapy has risks and benefits. Talk to your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist about hormones. If you decide to use hormones, use them at the lowest dose that helps. Also use them for the shortest time that you need them.

What are the symptoms of menopause?
Every woman's period will stop at menopause. Some women may not have any other symptoms at all. As you near menopause, you may have:

Changes in your period--time between periods or flow may be different.
Hot flashes ("hot flushes")--getting warm in the face, neck and chest.
Night sweats and sleeping problems that lead to feeling tired, stressed or tense.
Vaginal changes--the vagina may become dry and thin, and sex may be painful.
Thinning of your bones, which may lead to loss of height and bone breaks (osteoporosis).
Who needs treatment for symptoms of menopause?
For some women, many of these changes will go away over time without treatment.
Some women will choose treatment for their symptoms and to prevent bone loss. If you choose treatment, estrogen alone or estrogen with progestin (for a woman who still has her uterus or womb) can be used.
What are the benefits from using hormones for menopause?
Hormone therapy is the most effective FDA approved medicine for relief of hot flashes, night sweats or vaginal dryness.

Hormones may reduce your chances of getting thin, weak bones (osteoporosis) which break easily.

What are the risks of using hormones?
For some women, hormone therapy may increase their chances of getting blood clots, heart attacks, strokes, breast cancer, and gall bladder disease. For a woman with a uterus, estrogen increases her chance of getting endometrial cancer (cancer of the uterine lining). Adding progestin lowers this risk.

Should I use estrogen just to prevent thin bones?
You can, but there are also other medicines and things you can do to help your bones.

Should I use hormone therapy to protect the heart or prevent strokes?
No, do not use hormone therapy to prevent heart attacks or strokes.

Should I use hormone therapy to prevent memory loss or Alzheimer's disease?
No, do not use hormone therapy to prevent memory loss or Alzheimer's disease.

Do hormones protect against aging and wrinkles or increase my sex drive?
Studies have not shown that hormone therapy prevents aging and wrinkles or increases sex drive.

How long should I use hormones for menopause?
You should talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Again, hormones should be used at the lowest dose that helps and for the shortest time. (For example, check if you still need them every 3-6 months.)

Does it make a difference what form of hormones I use for menopause?
The risks and benefits may be the same for all hormone products for menopause, such as pills, patches, vaginal creams, gels and rings.

Are herbs and other "natural" products useful in treating symptoms of menopause?
At this time, we do not know if herbs or other "natural" products are helpful or safe. Studies are being done to learn about the benefits and risks.

What can I do to improve my health whether I am using hormones or not?
Be active and get more exercise
Don't smoke
Eat right and control your weight
Talk with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist, and have regular check ups
Discuss bone health; ask if you should take calcium and vitamin D
Have your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar checked
Have a breast exam and a breast X-ray (mammogram)